The traditional model for systems development was that an IT department used(structured analysis)which is a process-centered technique, and consulted users only when their input or approval was needed.Compared with traditional methods, many companies find that JAD allows key users to participate effectively in the(requirements modeling process).When properly used, JAD can result in a more accurate statement of system requirements, a better understanding of common goals, and a stronger commitment to the success of the new system.RAD is a team-based technique that speeds up information systems development and produces a functioning information system.While the end product of JAD is a(an)(requirements model), the end product of RAD is the(new information system).The RAD model consists of four phases.During the(user design phase), users interact with systems analysts and develop models and prototypes that represent all system processes, outputs, and inputs.
系统开发方法体系中,结构化分析是传统模式的核心过程中心技术,由IT部门主导,以数据流图、过程模型为核心工具梳理系统逻辑,仅在需要输入或审批时咨询用户,是早期结构化、瀑布式开发的关键分析方法。联合应用开发(JAD)是针对传统需求收集缺陷的改进方法,核心是推动关键用户深度参与需求建模全过程,通过跨角色(用户、系统分析师、开发人员等)的协作研讨,能大幅提升系统需求的准确性,强化各方对系统目标的共识,最终产出需求模型作为后续开发的核心依据,适用于需求模糊、需要多方对齐的场景。快速应用开发(RAD)则是团队导向的快速交付方法,核心目标是快速产出可运行的新信息系统,区别于JAD仅聚焦需求输出,RAD包含四个核心阶段:需求规划阶段明确项目目标与范围,用户设计阶段由用户与分析师协作构建覆盖全流程、输入输出的模型与原型,构建阶段快速实现系统功能,切换阶段完成系统上线部署,RAD适合需求相对明确、追求快速落地的项目,通过原型迭代与快速构建压缩开发周期,是从传统文档驱动到现代交付导向开发的典型演进。
本题考察的是系统开发方法(传统结构化方法、JAD 与 RAD)的差异与应用场景。
语境定位:原句为 “The traditional model for systems development was that an IT department used ____ which is a process-centered technique, and consulted users only when their input or approval was needed.Compared with traditional methods, many companies find th”。空前 was that an IT department used;空后 which is a process-centered technique and 是判断本空的关键。
答案判断:上下文强调的专业概念是“结构化分析,过程中心的传统系统开发方法”,该词能把前后语义自然衔接起来。因此应选 structured analysis。
选项辨析:
A. structured analysis:结构化分析是传统系统开发模型中常用的过程中心方法,强调用数据流图、过程模型描述系统,是题干描述的方法,符合语境。
B. object-oriented analysis:面向对象分析是后期发展出来的技术,不符合题干传统方法的描述,错误。
C. prototype analysis:原型分析是快速建立原型的方法,不属于传统过程中心模型,错误。
D. process analysis:不是常用的系统开发方法名称,错误。
因此,选项 A 正确。
