The objective of the systems analysis phase is to understand the proposed project, ensure that it will support business requirements, and build a solid foundation for system development. The systems analysis phase includes four main activities.(Requirement modeling)involves fact-finding to describe the current system and identification of the requirements for the new system, such as outputs, inputs, processes, performance, and security.(Processes)refer to the logical rules that are applied to transform the data into meaningful information.(Data and process modeling)continues the modeling process by learning how to represent graphically system data and processes using traditional structured analysis techniques. (Object modeling)combines data and the processes that act on the data into objects. These objects represent actual people, things, transactions, and events that affect the system. In(development strategies), we will consider various development options and prepare for the transition to the systems design phase of the SDLC.
系统分析阶段是衔接业务需求与系统设计实现的关键核心环节,包含多项核心活动与建模方法。需求建模作为该阶段的起始核心工作,通过事实调研、现有系统分析等方式,全面梳理新系统的输出、输入、处理规则、性能、安全等全维度需求,是确保系统贴合业务目标的基础,它涵盖需求收集与分析的全流程,并非单一的用例建模方法。过程是系统实现数据向有效信息转化的核心逻辑载体,它定义了对输入数据进行处理的规则,区别于作为数据来源的输入和作为处理结果的输出,是系统功能的核心构成。数据与过程建模是结构化分析技术的典型应用,借助图形化工具直观呈现系统的数据流与处理环节,聚焦系统运作的核心逻辑,有别于侧重业务层的业务建模、聚焦数据结构的数据库建模。对象建模是面向对象分析的核心方法,将数据与作用于数据的过程封装为对象,映射现实世界中的人、事物、交易、事件等实体,构建系统的静态结构基础,区别于偏向行为描述的行为建模、属于设计阶段的组件建模。当系统分析进入收尾阶段,需开展开发策略制定工作,评估自建、外包、外购软件等多种开发路径,为向系统设计阶段过渡做好准备,需注意可行性分析属于系统规划阶段工作,架构设计则是设计阶段的核心内容,二者均不属于这一过渡环节。
本题考察的是系统分析阶段的主要活动与建模方法。
语境定位:原句为 “____ involves fact-finding to describe the current system and identification of the requirements for the new system, such as outputs, inputs, processes, performance, and security.”。空后 involves fact-finding to describe the current 是判断本空的关键。
答案判断:从语法看,这里需要名词或名词短语;从语义看,应填“需求建模,系统分析阶段进行事实收集和需求表达的活动”。因此应选 Requirement modeling。
选项辨析:
A. System logical modeling:表示或侧重“系统逻辑”,但本空需要“需求建模,系统分析阶段进行事实收集和需求表达的活动”,语义范围不匹配。
B. Use case modeling:是需求获取的一种方法,但不等同于系统整体的需求建模。
C. Requirement modeling:全面覆盖需求收集与分析,符合语境。
D. Application modeling:表示或侧重“应用”,但本空需要“需求建模,系统分析阶段进行事实收集和需求表达的活动”,语义范围不匹配。
因此,选项 C 正确。
