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题号:0020180500044
单选题
2018年11月第44题

Designing the data storage architecture is an important activity in system design. There are two main types of data storage formats: files and databases. Files are electronic of data that have been optimized to perform a particular transaction. There are several types of files that differ in the way they are used to support an application.(Master files) store core information that is important to the business and , more specifically , to the application , such as order information or customer mailing information . (Look-up files) contain static values , such as a list of valid codes or the names of cities . Typically, the list is used for validation. A database is a collection of groupings of information that are related to each other in some way. There are many different types of databases that exist on the market today.(Legacy database) is given to those databases which are based on older , sometimes outdated technology that is seldom used to develop new applications . (Network database) are collections of records that are related to each other through pointers. In relational database , (referential integrity) can be used in ensuring that values linking the tables together through the primary and foreign keys are valid and correctly synchronized.

浓缩知识点

数据存储架构包含文件与数据库两大核心格式。文件类型中,主文件承载业务核心数据,像订单、客户信息这类需高频访问与更新的关键业务数据都存储于此,是支撑应用运行的核心数据载体;查找文件则存储静态标准化数据,比如有效编码清单、城市名称列表,主要用于数据输入环节的合法性校验,保障数据规范性。数据库类型里,遗留数据库依托过时技术搭建,虽仍在部分企业运维使用,但因技术局限性不适合新系统开发;网络数据库是早期数据库模型的代表,通过指针维护记录间的多对多关联关系,是层次数据库的演进形态,但目前已被关系型数据库大量取代;在关系型数据库中,参照完整性是保障跨表数据一致性的核心机制,通过主外键的关联约束,确保不同表之间的关联值合法有效且同步一致,避免产生无效关联数据。此外,常见的数据库分类还包括面向OLAP分析的多维数据库、面向小团队协作的工作组数据库等,不同类型的数据库会根据业务场景、技术需求被灵活选用。

正确答案
A

本题考察的是数据存储架构中不同类型文件与数据库的分类与作用。
语境定位:原句为 “____ store core information that is important to the business and , more specifically , to the application , such as order information or customer mailing information .”。空后 store core information that is important 是判断本空的关键。
答案判断:从语法看,这里需要名词或名词短语;从语义看,应填“主文件,保存核心实体的长期基础数据”。因此应选 Master files
选项辨析
A. Master files:表示“主文件,保存核心实体的长期基础数据”,能准确补足本句语义,符合语境。
B. Look-up files:仅用于静态值查找,不是核心业务数据,错误。
C. Transaction files:记录一次性的交易或处理事件,不是长期的核心数据,错误。
D. History files:保存历史记录或归档,不是当前应用所依赖的核心数据,错误。
因此,选项 A 正确。

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