A system's architecture is a representation of a system in which there is a mapping of(问题1)onto hardware and software components, a mapping of the(问题2)onto the hardware architecture. and a concern for the human interaction with these components. That is, system architecture is concerned with a total system, including hardware. software, and humans. Software architectural structures can be divided into three major categories, depending on the broad nature of the elements they show. 1)(问题3)embody decisions as a set of code or data units that have to be constructed or procured. 2)(问题4)embody decisions as to how the system is to be structured as set of elements that have runtime behavior and interactions. 3)(问题5)embody decisions as to how the system will relate to non software structures in its environment(such as CPUs, file systems, networks, development teams, etc.).
本题考察的是系统架构与软件架构三种主要结构分类。
问题1:
系统架构需要将系统的功能映射到软硬件组件上,这是系统架构的核心工作。
A选项 attributes:是质量属性,并非主要映射对象。错误。
B选项 constraint:约束条件,不是核心映射。错误。
C选项 functionality:功能,正确。
D选项 requirements:需求范围更大,不仅限于架构映射。错误。
因此选 C。
问题2:
系统架构的另一个映射是将软件架构映射到硬件架构。
A选项 physical components:指物理部件,不是体系结构。错误。
B选项 network architecture:仅描述网络结构,不是系统级核心。错误。
C选项 software architecture:正确。
D选项 interface architecture:侧重接口,不是全面的软件架构。错误。
因此选 C。
问题3:
模块结构(Module structures) 体现了作为一组代码或数据单元的决策,即静态结构。
A选项 Service structures:不属于三大类。错误。
B选项 Module structures:正确。
C选项 Deployment structures:属于分配结构,不是代码单元层次。错误。
D选项 Work assignment structures:属于分配结构,不是代码单元。错误。
因此选 B。
问题4:
构件-连接器结构(Component-and-connector structures) 体现了运行时的组件及交互方式,描述动态行为。
A选项 Decomposition structures:属于模块分解,不是运行时。错误。
B选项 Layer structures:静态分层结构。错误。
C选项 Implementation structures:代码实现相关,不是运行时交互。错误。
D选项 Component-and-connector structures:正确。
因此选 D。
问题5:
分配结构(Allocation structures) 体现了系统如何与非软件环境(硬件、网络、组织团队)关联。
A选项 Allocation structures:正确。
B选项 Class structures:属于面向对象建模,不是环境映射。错误。
C选项 Concurrency structures:涉及并发,不是环境映射。错误。
D选项 Uses structures:模块依赖,不是环境映射。错误。
因此选 A。
